The folder ~/Library/Application Support/Neuron/ you deleted is the app data folder. After restarted the Neuron app, this app data folder should be re-constructed by itself. This would reset the data folder, so it actually doesn’t need to re-install Neuron.
If it is still no working after resetting the app data folder, please export the debug log and attach it to the github issue you created. We will follow up on this issue.